番茄高效低成本无土栽培基质的筛选研究

Selecting of High-efficient and Low-cost Soilless Substrates for Tomato

以草炭、蛭石、炉渣、棉籽皮（废菇料）、粉碎后的玉米秸秆为原料,按不同材料种类及比例混合,制成8种无土栽培复合基质。综合比较复合基质的理化性质和原料成本,初步筛选出低成本的蔬菜无土栽培基质。之后,以初选的基质为测试基质,以常规基质和土壤为对照,进行番茄栽培试验,研究不同基质种类对番茄生长及产量的影响,以筛选出番茄高效、低成本的无土栽培基质。结果表明：基质Ⅳ（棉籽皮与炉渣按1∶1比例混合的复合基质）和基质Ⅵ（棉籽皮与蛭石按1∶1比例混合的复合基质）的成本较基质Ⅱ（草炭与蛭石按1∶1比例混合的常规无土栽培基质）的成本低60%左右,番茄产量较土壤栽培高5.64%~11.95%,植株和根系生长较旺盛,是优选出的高效低成本番茄无土栽培基质。其中,利用基质Ⅵ栽培的效果较利用基质Ⅳ栽培的效果稍好。

Eight kinds of soilless substrates for tomato were made by mixing different ratios of peat,vermiculite,slag,waste mushroom material and grinded corn stalk.The physicochemical properties and costs of compound substrates were compared to select the low-cost ones.The effects of selected substrates on the growth and yield of tamato were studied compared with conventional substrate and soil.The results showed that the cost of Substrate Ⅳ and Substrate Ⅵ reduced by 60% than that of Substrate Ⅱ,with the two substrates the yield increased by 5.64%-11.95%,and the plant and root grew vigorously.The effect of Substrate Ⅵ was better than that of Substrate Ⅳ.