马克思唯物史观“以人为本”思想的形成轨迹探析

Probe into the Formation of "People-oriented" Thoughts in Marx's Historical Materialism

马克思唯物史观"以人为本"思想的形成大致经历了由《博士论文》时期的"自我意识"意义上的人本思想,到《莱茵报》时期的物质利益意义上的人本思想,到《德法年鉴》时期的历史创造者意义上的人本思想,再到《手稿》和《形态》时期的实践主体意义上的人本思想的转变。实现这一转变的关键是马克思科学的实践观点的确立,正是在科学的实践观点基础上,马克思才彻底抛弃了唯心史观,建立了唯物史观,马克思眼中的人才由抽象的人转变为现实的人,科学的"以人为本"思想得以最终确立。

The formation of ＂people-oriented＂ thoughts in Marx＇ historical materialism roughly experienced several stages,from self-awareness orientation in The Thesis for the Doctorate period,to material benefits orientation in Rheinische Zeitung period,to former-of-history guidance in the period of German-French Almanac,and to the shift to practical entity in the period of The Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844 and The German Ideology.The key to realize the changes lay in the establishment of Marx＇s concept of practice.On the basis of scientific practice view,Marx had given up idealistic conception of history and set up his historical materialism,and then Abstract man could become man of reality,scientific ＂people-oriented＂ thoughts be eternally founded.