高氯酸盐对女性甲状腺功能影响的初步调查

Investigation of Impacts of Perchlorate on Women's Thyroid Function

目的初步探讨高氯酸盐暴露对女性甲状腺功能的影响。方法以某市从事烟花爆竹作业的女性作为暴露组,非烟花爆竹从业女性作为对照组,通过问卷调查和人体生物样本(血液和尿液样本)的收集与检测,分析研究对象的甲状腺功能减退症状发生率、血清甲状腺相关激素(T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH)含量及其影响因素。结果暴露组女性血清游离甲状腺激素FT3为(4.97±0.97)pmol/L,低于对照组[(5.51±1.06)pmol/L],差异有临界统计学意义(t=1.775,P=0.081),其他甲状腺相关激素(T3、T4、FT4、TSH)未见统计学差异;暴露组人群出现甲状腺功能减退症状的比例高于对照组。多因素分析表明,从事烟花爆竹作业(高氯酸盐高暴露)能够影响人群血清甲状腺相关激素的水平,导致血清甲状腺激素T3、T4、FT3、FT4水平下降,促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平反射性升高,T4、FT3的下降有统计学意义和临界统计学意义(P=0.041,P=0.051)。采用河水灌溉的地区人群血清T4、FT4水平低于采用井水和泉水灌溉的地区的人群(P=0.034,P=0.082)。结论高氯酸盐暴露可能会影响育龄女性的甲状腺功能。

Objective To evaluate the impacts of perchlorate on the thyroid function of women.Methods Women worked in fireworks and crackers factories were divided into the exposure group,those not worked in these factories were divided into the control group.Questionnaire investigation and biological samples（urine and blood samples） collection and detection were conducted in the target population.Results FT3 serum concentration of exposure group was（4.97±0.97） pmol/L,which was significantly lower than the control group[（5.51±1.06） pmol/L],and no significant difference was observed in the other thyroid related hormones（T3,T4,FT4,TSH） between the two groups.The exposure group suffered higher incidence of hypothyroidism symptoms than the control group.Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that occupational exposure to perchlorate could significantly reduced T4,FT3 serum concentrations,river-water irrigation（with significantly higher perchlorate concentrations than well water or spring water） could significantly reduced T4,FT4 serum concentrations.Conclusion Perchlorate exposure may produce adverse effects on the thyroid function of women.