社区老年人跌倒危险因素调查

Investigation on the Risk Factors of Elderly Falls in Community

[目的]分析社区老年人跌倒的危险因素,为政府及相关部门制定干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]采用概率与规模成比例抽样方法,在某街道随机抽取60岁以上老年居民1 967人为跌倒回顾性调查对象,在单因素分析结果的基础上应用Logistic多因素分析致使老年人跌倒的危险因素。[结果]在1 967名调查对象中,跌倒伤害发生率为2.54%;其中男性跌倒发生率为1.68%,女性跌倒发生率为3.35%。单因素分析表明,年龄、性别、视力状况、有无慢性疾病、步态水平等与老年人跌倒相关(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素分析表明,女性、年龄75岁以上、文盲、无配偶、睡眠质量差、视力差、患有2种及以上慢性病、室内存在危险环境和步态异常等9个因素是社区老年人跌倒的主要危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。[结论]社区老年人跌倒受多种因素影响,应立足于预防。

[Objective] To analyze the risk factors of elderly falls in community and to supply the scientific strategies for prevention of the elderly falls so that government and relevant departments can take as reference.[Methods] Retrospective investigation on elderly falls was completed in 1 967 people aged over 60 years,whom were selected by probability proportional sampling（PPS）method based on the unit of sample group in community.Logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors on the base of one-variable analysis.[Results] Among the 1 967 elderly people aged over 60 years,the incidence rate of falls was 2.54%,in which the incidence rate of males was 1.68% and of females was 3.35%.The one-variable analysis showed age,sex,visual condition,disable,gait and others have statistical significance with falls（P 0.05）.As a result,the logistic regression indicated female,aged over 75 years,illiterate,spouseless,poor sleep,poor vision,suffering from two or more kinds of chronic diseases,the environment risk and abnormal gait were main risk factors of the elderly falls（OR 1,P 0.05）.[Conclusion] For elderly falls is affected by a variety of factors,prevention is important.