“还是”的多义性与习得难度

On the Polysemy of Haishi(还是) and Its Difficulty in Learning

以往有关虚词的研究虽已取得了丰硕的成果,但有些虚词的用法仍难以说明和解释,以致影响到汉语教学。本文立足于汉语作为第二语言教学的角度,以"还是"为例,在现代汉语大型语料调查的基础上,重点考察"还是"的共时表现,探讨其各种语法意义及语义背景。"还是"从表时间范畴的延续义的基本功能到表选择义的连接功能,再到表择定义、添加义和表反预期的情态功能,其语法意义及语义背景都呈现出复杂的趋势,习得难度也随之增加。文章根据对外汉语教材以及对外国学生学习"还是"的情况调查,提出教学建议。

Although the previous studies of function words have made great achievements,we still feel unclear about some usage of them in the teaching practice.Hoping to benefit the teaching practice,we conclude from the suvey of the large-scale corpus the different grammatical meanings and the semantic contexts of haishi（还是）.The basic function of haishi（还是）has been developed from time continuation to a series of other functions such as the conjunctional function of choosing,the modality expression of choice and unexpectedness with more complicated grammatical meanings and semantic contexts,which increases its learning difficulty.Based on the survey of the acquisition condition of learners and its distribution in different Chinese textbooks,we put forward some suggestions on the teaching order of different haishi（还是）.