球载双球式电场仪及其应用

BALLOON-BORNE TWO SHPHERES ELECTRIC FIELDINSTRUMENT AND APPLICATION

探测雷暴电场垂直分量幅度的球载双球电场仪，它由两个空心的、直径为１４．３ｃｍ，相距３．１ｃｍ的导电球构成，两球绕垂直于两球心连线的轴旋转，电场在球上的感应电荷按正弦变化，放大后由遥测发射机传输到地面．配有温度、湿度、气压传感器，既能进行高空大气温度、气压和湿度等常规气象要素的测量，又能完成雷雨云电场特殊参量的探测任务．电场探测电路及其电池组分别装在两个球内．仪器自１９９４年投入使用以来，先后参加了近２０颗卫星的升空安全保障任务，为“澳星”等卫星在雷雨期间安全升空，发挥了重要作用．仪器测量范围为１——１００ｋＶ／ｍ，性能良好．

This paper describes balloon-borne two spheres electric field instrument formeasuring the magnitude of the vertical component of the electric field inthunderclouds. It consists of two hollow, copper spheres which are 14.3cm indiameter and helds 4cm apart. The spheres spin around an axis which is perpendicularto and at the center of the line between the centres of the spheres. The sinusoidallyvarying charge induced on the spheres by the electric field is amplified andtelemetried to ground. The amplifier and power cell are inside the two spheresseparately. This instrument is also configurated temprture, pressure and moisturesensors and can either mesure the routine meteorological factors, or the particularparameters of thunderclouds electric field. The instrument has joined in about twentysatellites safe blastoff ensure (guarantee) since 1994, and played an important role inthe safe blastoff of 'australian B3 satellite' etc satellite during thunderclouds. Theinstrument can measure the magnitude of the vertical component of the electric fieldranging from IkV / m to 100kV / m with good linearity.