空间非合作目标贴近扫描观测的制导方法研究

A New Method of Guidance for Proximity Scanning Inspection of Non-cooperative Space Target

随着微小卫星技术的不断发展,对目标航天器的近距离观测已成为一类新的航天任务,在空间态势感知、在轨服务等方面具有重要作用和广泛应用前景。针对大型空间非合作目标的近距离扫描观测问题,提出了一种基于改进的人工势场法的制导方法,设计了平行于目标区域表面的引力场函数和垂直于目标区域表面的斥力场函数,由引力场来提供前进的加速度,并满足成像拖影量的约束,由斥力场来处理分辨率和碰撞避免约束。所得到的观测航天器轨迹能够很好地跟随目标区域形状,实现对空间非合作目标区域连续稳定的扫描观测,且所需要的速度增量不大,计算量较小,便于星上执行。

With the development and application of micro-satellites,proximity inspection of spacecraft has become a new area of space mission.It plays an important role in Space Situational Awareness and on-orbit servicing,ensuring broad application prospects.The current study developed a new method of guidance for proximity scanning inspection of non-cooperative space targets based on the modified artificial potential field method.First,the attractive potential function and repulsion potential function were formulated.The former,parallel to the surface of the target,guides the inspector from the initial position to the goal position.The latter,perpendicular to the surface of the target,is used to deal with the constraint conditions like image resolution,minimum angle of observation and collision avoidance constraint etc.Simulation results demonstrate that the inspector can follow the surface of the target well and conduct a coherent and stable scanning inspection.Furthermore,it requires less computational effort and is easier to realize on the inspector.