“茄鲞”与“茄胙”异同考——兼议《红楼梦》第四十一回“说菜”一节异文现象

A Comparison and Contrast Between Qiexiang and Qiezuo——Variant Characters in Chapter 41 of The Dream of Red Mansion

《红楼梦》第四十一回"说菜"一节存在两个版本异文群,分别以庚辰本"茄鲞"和戚序本"茄胙"为代表。茄胙之名,缺乏旁证,但因"胙"与"鲊"同源,可作茄鲊解。从鲞与鲊的发展源流来看,二者虽源头不同,但都引申出腌腊食品这一义项,从而产生词义交集;而鲞的异体字"鯗"与鲊的异体字"鲝"在字形上相近,这两种条件使得鲞与鲊可能混用,而红楼抄手们或受各自方言和饮食习俗影响,对鲞与鲊存在不同的认识,故而产生"说菜"一节的异文现象。

In the 41st chapter of The Dream of Red Mansion,there are two different versions of the text groups about this passage,with Geng Chen＇s ＇qiexiang＇（茄鲞） and Qi Xu＇s＇qiezuo（茄胙）＇as representatives.We lack the evidence of the material named qiezuo（茄胙）,but because ＇zuo（胙）＇ and ＇zha（鲊）＇ are cognate,qiezuo（茄胙） and qiezha（茄鲊）should be similar in meaning.qiexiang（茄鲞）and qiezha（茄鲊）were developed from different origins,which shows that although the two sources are different,they all come out of the sense of cured food items,resulting in the intersection of the meaning.＇xiang（鲞）＇ and ＇xiang（鯗）＇are variant characters;＇zha（鲊）＇ and ＇zha（鲝）＇are variant characters,too;＇xiang（鯗）＇ and ＇zha（鲝）＇ are similar in figure,and these two conditions may make ＇xiang（鲞）＇ and ＇zha（鲊）＇ confused in use.Because copyists of The Dream of Red Mansion had different views on the ＇xiang（鲞）＇ and ＇zha（鲊）＇ under the influence of their diet customs and dialects,variant characters phenomenon arose in the 41st chapter.