薄壳山核桃不同品系开花物候期特性观测

The flowering phenology characteristic of five varieties of Carya illinoensis

通过观测5个薄壳山核桃品系Mahan(‘马汉’)、Western(‘威斯登’)、Shoshoni(‘肖肖尼’)、Tejas(‘特贾斯’)、‘钟山25’的开花物候期,以确定各品系雌、雄花准确开放时间及可授期,为配置授粉树提供科学依据。结果表明:不同品系之间以及同一品系内雌、雄花的花期不一致;5个品系的雄花大都在4月底进入初花期,5月初进入盛花期,5月6～13日是各品系雄花集中散粉期,其中Mahan最早进入盛花期,最晚进入散粉期;雌花最早进入可授期的为Mahan,最晚进入的为Tejas。由此得出适宜的授粉组合为Western×Tejas,Westerrnב钟山25’。

The flowering phenology characteristic of five varieties of Carya illinoensis i.e.Mahan,Western,Shoshoni,Tejas and ＇Zhongshan 25 ＇ were studied in order to understand the flowering period of male and female flower and the period of pollination.These results may be used as the basic knowledge of matching combination of pollination.And the dynamics of pollen viability under different storage condition of four varieties were assayed so as to provide technical support for the artificial pollination.The results showed that the florescence of male and female flower between different varieties and within the same variety all were inconsistent.Male flower of almost all varieties were in the early flowering stage in the end of April,and were in the full blooming stage in the early of May.And May 6th to 13th was the main shedding period.Among them,Mahan was the earliest variety which was in the full blooming stage,and the latest which was in the shedding period.Mahan was the earliest which female flower was in the pollination period,the date was April 28th.Tejas was the latest.The date of pollination was May 4th.The appropriate combination of pollination was Western × Tejas,and Westerrn × ＇Zhongshan 25 ＇.