资源型城市贵阳市的生态可持续发展研究

Evaluating the Ecological Sustainability of Resource-based City Guiyang

生态可持续发展是资源型城市可持续发展的基础。应用生态足迹的方法,对资源型城市贵阳市的生态可持续发展做了定量评估,并分析了影响贵阳市生态可持续发展的社会经济驱动力。贵阳市1999年-2007年间生态足迹从1.447 hm2/cap增长到2.472hm2/cap,而生态承载力从0.551 hm2/cap下降至0.509 hm2/cap,生态足迹远超出生态承载力,生态系统处于不可持续发展状况。但贵阳市生态效率在不断改善,从1999年的0.500万元GDP/hm2生态足迹增长到2007年的0.787万元GDP/hm2生态足迹,生态系统改善仍存在一定契机。人口增加、能耗增加等因素会导致贵阳市生态足迹增加,而增加农作物播种面积则可减少生态足迹。应用生态足迹的方法,有利于分析资源型城市可持续发展的相关问题,最后就如何缓解贵阳市生态系统压力,促进贵阳市生态可持续发展进行了探讨。

The sustainability of a growing resource-based city depends on its ecological sustainable development.Using an ecological footprint model,the ecological sustainable development of a resource-based city,Guiyang,was quantitatively evaluated,and the socio-economic driving forces of the ecological footprint were analyzed.The average ecological footprint increased from 1.447 hm2/cap to 2.472 hm2/cap and per capita ecological carrying capacity decreased from 0.551 hm2/cap to 0.509 hm2/cap between 1999 and 2007.It is evident that the development of Guiyang City is unsustainable,since the average ecological footprint far exceeds the ecological carrying capacity.But the ecological efficiency of Guiyang City has been improving,which increased from 5 000 yuan RMB / hm2 in 1999 to 7 870 yuan RMB/ hm2 ecological footprint in 2007,so there are still chances to improve the ecological system in Guiyang City.Factors such as increases in population or energy use can increase the ecological footprint,while factors such as increased area of croplands can help decrease the ecological footprint.Therefore,the traditional high-consuming development mode in Guiyang City must be changed.Finally,the policy improvements related to the ecological footprint model are suggested： protecting and increasing ecological capacity,advocating energy and resource saving,increasing efficiency of industrial energy use and enhancing trade with the surrounding areas.