农业废弃物资源化利用技术的应用进展

Development of the Application of Resource Utilization Technology in Agricultural Waste

农业生产水平和农民生活水平的提高,对原本为燃料和肥料的农业废弃物的利用越来越少,农业废弃物数量越来越多,种类越来越多样。大量农业废弃物累积,对环境构成了极大的污染并威胁着农业可持续发展和人类的健康,因此如何充分有效地利用将其加工转化对合理利用农业生产和生活资源、减少环境污染、改善农村生态环境、应对日益严峻的能源危机成为了当前世界大多数国家面临的问题,本文综述了近年来国内外综合多样新型利用农业废弃物的应用进展情况,对其资源化利用进行总结分为5个方向:即肥料化、饲料化、能源化、基质化及工业原料化,并进行分析究竟采用何种利用方式,应根据具体条件因地适宜的综合选择,使技术上向机械化、无害化、资源化、高效化、综合化发展,产品上向廉价化、商品化、高质化、多样化和多功能化靠拢。物尽其用、变废为宝、高效利用废弃物达到消除污染、改善农村生态环境、促进农业可持续发展的目标。

Increasing agricultural production and raising farmers＇ living standard have done little to the utilization of agricultural waste,which used to be used as fuel and fertilizer,while the amount and diversity of agricultural waste have become greater.A large accumulation of agricultural waste has caused serious environmental pollution,imperiled sustainable development and human health.Therefore, how to effectively utilize and convert it has become a problem currently facing most countries in the world in rationally utilizing agricultural production and living resources,reducing environmental pollution and improving the rural eco-environment and coping with the increasingly serious energy crisis.The progress in the application of various new ways of comprehensive utilization in agricultural waste in recent years at home and abroad,and several resources utilization directions including extensive use of fertilizer,forage techniques,energy regeneration,substrate and industrial raw materials are summarized in this paper.Based on the synthesized selection of taking different measures in line with specific and local conditions,how to make appropriate utilization was analyzed in the technological development of mechanization,harmlessness,resources,efficiency and comprehensiveness in technology,and products to be developed to be cheaper in price,commercialized,high-qualitied,diversified and multi-functional.The target of eliminating waste pollution,improving the rural eco-environment,and promoting agricultural development will be achieved through recycle and reuse,and efficient utilization of agricultural waste.