南水北调西线工程水源区水资源的立体监测

Water Resources Stereo Monitoring System for Water Source Region in West Route Water Transfer Project in China

随着全球变化和人类活动影响的加剧,以及水资源演变的"自然—人工"二元驱动特性凸现,传统的水资源监测难以满足现代水资源开发、管理与保护的需求,针对西线工程水源区现有水资源观测站网存在的地基站点稀疏、布局不尽合理、监测手段落后和信息共享不畅等问题,提出了客观性、整体性、共享性、信息化、经济性五大监测站网优化原则。以气象与水文监测发展规划,行业规划与标准,水文、气象及生态监测研究新成果为优化依据,以GPS水汽观测、AWS自动气象站观测网、风廓线仪、边界层铁塔、探空观测以及多普勒雷达系统等现代化观测手段对区域空中水资源进行监测,同时,新增地表水水质站31处、降水站54处、生态水文监测站14处、水位站7处、水文站25处和土壤墒情站14处,对四川省境内的陆面水资源进行监测,新增自动气象站观测站点18处、水文站7处和土壤墒情观测站7处,对坝址以上集水区的陆面水资源进行立体监测,形成空基—地基一体化的水资源监测网络系统,为工程建设与运行调度、区域生态保护、经济社会发展提供支撑。

According to global change,influence of human activity and finds it hard to meer evolution of water resources under the nature-manpower duality mode,the traditional water resources monitoring system the demand of the modern water resources planning and management,as well as the existing water resources monitoring system of the water source region in West Route Water Transfer Project in China has the disadvantages in the following four aspects： the lack of foundation site,unreasonable allocation of monitoring system,method backwardness,and unexpedite information sharing.Therefore,based on the optimization principle of objectivity,entirety,common sharing,informationization and economy,as well as the planning of related industries,the water resources stereo monitoring system is set up.It consists of two parts： water resource in the air and the land surface water resource.The monitoring method of water resource in the air is GPS（Global Positioning System）,AWS（Automatic Weather Stations）,wind profiler,Doppler weather radar,boundary layer tower,sounding monitoring and so on.At the same time,31 surface water quality stations,54 rainfall stations,14 ecological-hydrological monitoring stations,7 water level stations,25 hydrological stations and 14 soil moisture content monitoring stations are constructed to monitor the land surface water resource in Sichuan.Similarly,18 AWS,7 hydrological stations and 7 soil moisture content monitoring stations are also constructed to monitor the land surface water resource in the upper reservoir catchment.