对外贸易对我国环境影响的区域差异研究——基于2000-2008年省际面板数据的分析

Regional Differences in the Effects on Environment Caused by Foreign Trade in China:An Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data during 2000-2008

为了考察近十年来对外贸易对我国东中西部地区环境质量的不同影响,本文选取了2000-2008年我国30个省、市和自治区的贸易与环境方面的相关数据,利用面板数据模型对东中西部地区对外贸易对二氧化硫排放量的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果表明规模效应加剧了我国的环境污染,技术效应减少了东部地区的环境污染,结构效应增加了东部和中部地区的环境污染但减少了西部地区的环境污染,环境政策有利于减少环境污染。总的来说,贸易开放度的提高对东部环境质量的改善有积极影响,但对中西部地区有负面影响,中西部地区确实存在"污染天堂"的现象。因此对于中西部地区我们需要不断加强环境保护力度,阻止国外污染企业的转移,同时要加快贸易结构调整,逐步降低污染行业的贸易比重,大力促进清洁型、环保型行业的发展,从而降低对外贸易对中西部地区的负面影响,并扩大其积极影响,使对外贸易的正面影响不仅局限于东部地区,也可以惠及中西部地区。

To investigate the different effects on environmental quality caused by foreign trade in China＇s eastern,central and western regions for the recent decade,this article selects the trade-and environment-related data of thirty provinces in China during 2000-2008 and analyzes empirically the influence of trade on sulfur dioxide emissions by panel date model.The results of the study indicate that scale effect increases environmental pollution and technical effect reduces environmental pollution of the eastern region.Structure effect increases environmental pollution of the eastern and central regions,but reduces environmental pollution of the western region.Environmental policies are also helpful to reduce the environmental pollution.On the whole,the openness of trade has a positive effect on the eastern region,but has a negative effect on the central and western regions.＂Pollution heaven＂ phenomenon does exist in the central and western regions.We need to constantly strengthen environmental protection and prevent the transfer of foreign polluting enterprises.To decrease the negative effects of foreign trade on the central and western regions and extend its positive effects,we also need to accelerate the trade structure adjustment in order to reduce gradually trade proportion of pollution industries and promote the development of clean-type and environmental protection industry.