液氨处理前后麻织物的湿性能研究

Wetting Properties of Bast Fabrics with Liquid Ammonia Treatment

针对麻织物刚度大、易起皱、手感粗硬等问题,采用液氨处理来改善大麻、亚麻和苎麻织物的服用性能.借助于扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对液氨处理前后麻织物表面形态和麻纤维结晶结构进行了分析;通过测试织物的透气性、透湿性、芯吸性、水分蒸发能力和液态水动态传递性能分析了液氨处理前后麻织物的湿性能.实验结果表明:液氨处理使麻织物结构变得更加紧密,纱线表面毛羽数量减少,纤维纵向的表面条痕和裂痕明显减小或消失,纤维结晶度降低;液氨处理使麻织物透气率和透湿量增加,经纬芯吸效应减小,润湿面积增加,水分蒸发率略有增大,织物液态水动态传递综合指数(OMMC)增加.液氨处理后,麻织物表面形态和纤维结晶结构的改变是造成麻织物湿性能变化的重要原因.

For the drawback of bast fabrics such as big stiffness, easy corrugation and rough handle, liquid ammonia treatment was used to improve comfort properties of bast fabrics including hemp, linen and ramie. In this paper, morphological and crystal structures of cellulose fibers were tested by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction tester; fabric wetting properties such as air permeability, vapor permeability, wicking effect, evaporative capacity and liquid moisture dynamic management properties were tested. The results showed that the structure of fabrics was tighter than that of the untreated fabrics and the quantity of yarn hairiness was less; the streak and the fissure were reduced or vanished obviously on the fiber surface after liquid ammonia treatment; the crystallinity of the treated fibers was lower than that of the untreated; with liquid ammonia treatment, the air permeability and vapor permeability of fabrics were improved; the wetted area was larger while the wicking property of fabrics was weaker; the water evaporation rate of the treated fabrics had a slight increase ; the liquid moisture dynamic management properties of fabrics was improved after liq- uid ammonia treatment. To some extent, wetting properties of bast fabrics were greatly influenced by the change of morphological and crystal structures caused by liquid ammonia treatment.