“礼貌原则”与“得体原则”关系探讨

A Discussion about the Relationship between "Politeness Principle" and "Appropriateness Principle"

在格莱斯提出"合作原则"的基础上,利奇提出了有影响力的"礼貌原则",并把"得体原则"视为其下位范畴。然而,我国的语用学者们却提出了言语交际的一个重要策略———"得体原则",并把礼貌准则视为其下位范畴。究竟谁的覆盖面更广一些?应该说:"礼貌原则"和"得体原则"是处在同一平面上的,没有包含与被包含的关系。"得体原则"是委婉含蓄交际行为的终极目标",礼貌原则"是实现这一目标的一个有效手段,而且"得体原则"和"礼貌原则"的这种关系具有普遍适应性。

On the basis of Grice＇s Cooperative Principle,Leech puts forward the influential Politeness Principle in which Appropriateness Principle is viewed as a sub-principle.Nevertheless,scholars in the field of pragmatics in China argue that Appropriateness Principle is a more important strategy in verbal communication compared to Politeness Principle.In such a case,which principle of the two is a larger category？ The author＇s view of this paper is that the two principles are on the same level,without an inclusive relationship in them.＂Appropriateness Principle＂ is the ultimate goal of euphemistic communication behaviors and ＂Politeness Principle＂ is the effective means to reach this goal.These two principles have the character of universal adaptation.