重油装车突沸损耗原因分析及措施

Causes of Sudden Boiling of Heavy Oil during Loading and Countermeasures

重质油品装车过程中容易发生突沸现象,造成冒车跑油等环境污染、油料损耗,以及烫伤等人身伤害事故。突沸产生的主要原因,是高、低温油品混合或升温时,油品积聚的大量能量传递给低沸点物质(主要指轻质油品和水分),使之处于非稳定状态或过热状态。达到一定温度后,低沸点物质在有限空间内突然汽化,冲击高沸点的重质组分而产生的一种沸腾现象。所有的突沸都与油温高有关。洛阳石化2008年12月曾发生突沸事故,污染面积达100m2,损失燃料油约3t。洛阳石化预防突沸的措施主要有:保证付油储罐油温在控制范围内,付油管线伴热开度适宜,付油管线内蒸汽凝结水尽可能排净,加强装车过程中的各个环节控制等。同时,计划为重质油浆装车增上高液位报警系统,并与主控制系统实现联锁,彻底杜绝突沸现象的发生。

Heavy oil products are liable to sudden boiling during loading.This phenomenon may result in a pollution to the environment by the oil leaked as well as oil loss and personal injuries such as burns.The main cause of sudden boiling is that when high and low-temperature oil products are being mixed or when the temperature of the oil is rising,the large amount of energy building up in the oil products is passed to substances with lower boiling points（principally light oil products and water） and then the low-boiling point substances will become unstable or overheated.When they reach a certain temperature,the low-boiling point substances will suddenly vaporize in a confined space and impact the heavy components with higher boiling points to produce a boiling phenomenon.All sudden boiling phenomena are related to high temperature of oil.Sinopec Luoyang Company reported a sudden boiling accident in December 2008,in which 100m2 of area was polluted and about three tons of fuel oil was lost.The main measures the company has taken include maintaining the temperature of the oil in oil tanks within a controllable range,keeping an appropriate tracing opening for oil delivery pipelines,discharging all the steam condensate in the oil delivery pipeline if possible and strengthening the control of all links in the process of oil loading.In addition,the company plans to introduce a high liquid level alarming system for the loading of heavy slurry oil.This system would be interlocked with the main control system to eliminate sudden boiling of oil.