不同施肥结构对茄子产量、养分吸收及土壤有效养分动态变化的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization System on Eggplant's Yield and Nutrients Uptake and Dynamic Change of Available Nutrient in Soil

为了解湖南岳阳君山区蔬菜基地土壤肥力状况、不同施肥结构对茄子生长发育的影响。通过田间小区试验、室外采样和室内测定,研究了不同施肥结构对茄子产量、养分吸收和土壤有效养分动态变化的影响。结果表明:(1)有机肥与化肥配合施用较纯化肥处理(NPK),可以显著提高茄子产量,尤以牛粪+化肥(NPKM1)处理茄子产量最高。(2)有机肥与化肥配合施用较当地习惯施肥处理和化肥处理,可以提高茄子对N、P、K养分的吸收量和利用率;(3)在茄子生长的前期,化肥可迅速提高土壤有效养分的含量。在茄子生长的后期,有机肥对提高土壤有效养分的含量有重要作用。由以上结果,根据不同施肥结构茄子的产量和茄子对肥料养分的利用率、土壤养分状况及有效性,初步提出了在茄子生产中增施有机肥的优化施肥结构模式,以保证茄子的丰产优质。

To understand the status of soil fertility of vegetables base of Yueyang Junshan district of Hunan province and the effect of different fertilization structure on eggplant growth and development.The effect of different fertilization structure on eggplant＇s yield and nutrients uptake and release of soil nutrients was studied with field plot experiment,sampling on fields and laboratory analysis.The results showed that：（1）the combined application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers may significantly increase the eggplant yield comparing with the pure chemical fertilizer treatment（NPK）,the eggplant yield of the combined application of cow dung and chemical fertilizer treatment（NPKM1） is the highest especially.（2）N,P and K nutrient uptake capacity and nutrient recovery rate of the combined application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers are higher than that of the local custom treatment and the pure chemical fertilizer treatment.（3）In the earlier period of eggplant,chemical fertilizer may enhance the soil available nutrient content rapidly.In the later period of eggplant,the organic fertilizer plays a vital role in enhancing the soil available nutrient content.On the basis of eggplant＇s yield of different fertilization structure and recovery rate of fertilizer nutrients of eggplant tree and soil nutrients condition and their availability,we put forward preliminarily the fertilization projects to improve the yield and quality of eggplant in this area,which named optimizing the structure of fertilization,increasing supply of organic fertilizers.