新型包膜缓释尿素对花生生理特性、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Homemade Coated Controlled Release Urea on Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Peanut

以粉煤灰和有机黏结剂为包膜材料,同时添加脲酶抑制剂,对普通尿素进行包膜,制备了不含脲酶抑制剂和含脲酶抑制剂分别为2%,4%的3种包膜缓释尿素,于2009-2010年进行田间试验,研究了包膜缓释尿素对花生生理特性、产量以及品质的影响。结果表明,在施肥水平相同的情况下,与普通尿素相比,不含脲酶抑制剂和含脲酶抑制剂的包膜缓释尿素均能提高花生生长后期叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,有效地降低叶片气孔限制值Ls,且含脲酶抑制剂包膜尿素处理要优于不含脲酶抑制剂包膜尿素处理;3种包膜缓释尿素处理能有效的改善花生农艺性状,荚果产量提高3.5%～16.6%,生物产量提高4.6%～18.5%,添加脲酶抑制剂包膜尿素处理增产效果要优于不含脲酶抑制剂包膜尿素处理,且以脲酶抑制剂4%添加量效果最好;同时,添加脲酶抑制剂包膜缓释尿素处理可以不同程度上提高粗脂肪、蛋白质和维生素C含量,改善了花生品质。

Three controlled release urea with urease inhibitor ratio being 0%,2% and 4%,separately were prepared out of a common urea by coating it with fly ash and organic agglomerant,and in the same time adding urease inhibitor.A field experiment was conducted to study effects of the coated controlled release urea on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of the peanut growing in the field in 2009-2010.Results showed that the three kinds of urea increased chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance and decreased stomatal limitation（Ls） in the leaves of the plant during its late growth stage,and the treatment adding urease inhibitor was better than the only fly ash coated urea treatment.The three kinds of urea improved the agronomic characteristics,and pod yield by 3.5%～16.6%,total yield by 4.6%～18.5%,and the treatment adding urease inhibitor was better on yield-increasing effect than the only fly ash coated urea treatment and the treatment adding urease inhibitor with 4% amount was the best.In addition,the coated controlled release urea increased fat and protein and Vc contents by a certain extent in the kernel of peanut,and improved the quality of peanut.