词义引申误为假借的一个重要原因——以“釐”一词引申系列为例

An Important Reason of why Extension of Word Meaning is Mistaken as Phonetic Loaning:a Case Study of the word "li" (釐)

词义引申在传统小学文献中常被误为文字的假借,以"釐"一词意义引申系列为例:清儒《说文》四大家及当代较为有影响的两部通假字典对"釐"本义、假借义和引申义有不同认定。但结合甲、金文对"釐"字形义的释读,"釐"之真正本义应为"以手扑麦脱粒",其"治理"、"家福"和"延引"都是其引申义。在"釐"一词内部各个不同引申义当中,关系相对疏远的不同引申义受源于"釐"一词不同的词义特点(即所指客观事物的不同特征)。如若忽略这点,词义引申常常会被误认为是文字假借。

In traditional documents of preliminary schools, extension of words meaning is always mistaken asphonetic loaning. Take the word ＂li＂ as an example. The four famous Qing scholars who wrote Shuowen and thetwo influential contemporary dictionaries of interchangeable characters have made different definitions on theoriginal meaning, the loaned meaning and the extension meaning of ＂li＂. But according to the interpretations fromoracle and the inscription on bronze, the true original meaning of ＂li＂ should be ＂to thresh wheat by hands＂, and＂manage＂, ＂bless for families＂ and ＂draw＂ are all extension meanings. And in these different extension meanings,the ones with respectively not very close meanings are due to the different characters of word meaning （i.e., thedifferent features of different objectives）. If we ignore this point, the extension of word meaning will always bemistaken as phonetic loaning.