对我国节水型社会建设的系统思考

A Systemic Consideration of the Development of Water-Saving Society in China

水资源短缺,特别是在北方地区,已经成为制约我国经济社会可持续发展的重要瓶颈,以全球变暖为主要特征的气候变化将进一步加剧我国水资源短缺的矛盾.要实现我国水资源可持续利用的战略目标,关键在于构建有中国特色的节水型社会,而中国特色节水型社会的构建核心在于创建一种全新的能够促进人水和谐、全方位实现水资源优化配置、高效利用和合理消费的新型社会经济组织体系或形态.系统阐述了建设节水型社会的重要性、迫切性和必然性,评述了我国节水型社会建设的理论研究动态及进展,探讨了节水型社会这一新型社会经济组织体系的本质特征和科学内涵,提出了实施节水型社会建设这一发展战略的基本思路,旨在为实现我国水资源可持续利用的宏伟战略目标提供新思路.

Water resources shortage is thought to be an important bottleneck for sustainable socio-economic development in China,especially in the north of China.Global climate change characterized by global warming will increase the severity of China′s water shortage in the future.The only way of achieving the strategic target of long-term sustainable water utilization in China is to develop a water-saving society with the Chinese characteristics.However,the establishment of this water-saving society lies in developing a new type of socio-economic organizational framework or system,in which harmonious co-existence between people and water can be promoted,as well as optimum allocation,effective use and rational consumption of water resources at national and regional scales can be achieved.In this paper,the importance,necessity and urgency of developing the water-saving society are addressed,the latest advances of research on the establishment of China＇s water-saving society are reviewed,and the substantive characteristics and scientific connotations of the water-saving society are discussed.Based on these analyses,significant insights into the development of China′s water-saving society are provided,which may have important implications for putting water-saving society into practice.