现代公民权与社会团结

Modern Citizenship and Social Solidarity

在西方社会理论史上,涂尔干率先提出并论证了团结与失范这一对现代性主题。而马歇尔则提出了普遍公民权在改变社会结构和社会不平等模式中的积极作用。循此,帕森斯沿着涂尔干与马歇尔的思路,在其"社会共同体"的理论框架内将涂尔干未能很好解决的"机械团结"与"有机团结"之关系问题有机地结合起来,并将马歇尔的普遍公民权理论应用到探讨现代社会团结问题的研究中,为现代社会整合提供了一种普遍的理论基础及认识维度。这也为我国解决因社会分化而凸显的社会矛盾与因民族差异性、多样性而存在的紧张关系,提供了重要的启示。

In the history of social theories,Durkheim is the first to advance the notions of solidarity and anomie to characterize the modern societies.It is Marshall who first recognized the positive effects exerted by the universal citizenship on the transformation of social structure and the abolishment of social inequalities and unfairness.Following Durkheim and Marshall,Parsons successfully incorporated into his theoretical framework of social community the relationship between mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity,of which Durkheim failed to develop an effective analysis.He also successfully applied Marshall＇s theory of universal citizenship to the studies on the solidarity in modern societies,thus providing an effective theoretical basis and perspective for social integration today.Parsons＇ theory can also furnish us with some important resources to address the conflicts in social stratification and the tension due to the ethnic diversity in China.