初民社会解纷机制及其启示--以涂尔干的分工理论为分析框架

Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Primitive Society and Its Implications:Under the Framework of Durkheim's Theory of the Division of Labor

在涂尔干看来,机械团结社会建立在人的相似性基础之上,以集体意识为维系社会团结的纽带,以压制性法维护集体利益。初民社会是典型的机械团结社会。在初民社会里,产业类型单一、社会结构简单、宗教信仰一元、集体利益至上。因此,在解纷机制方面形成了调解和裁决为主体的多元解纷方式并存的格局,不同解纷方式的功能交叉甚至重叠。

For Durkheim,a society that is united mechanically is established on the basis of human similarity. Such a society binds up all its members with collective ideology and protects collective interest with suppressive laws. A primitive society is a typical mechanically united one which features single or few industries,simple social structure,single religion and paramountcy of collective interests. Accordingly,dispute resolution mechanism in a primitive society features various methods with mediating and ruling playing a leading role. The functions of those methods intercross or even overlap each other.