AM真菌对红地球葡萄促生效应的初步研究

Preliminary study on promotion effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Red Globe Grape

【目的】探讨3种丛枝菌根真菌促进葡萄生长和磷素吸收的能力,通过比较筛选出优势的AM真菌菌株,为丛枝菌根真菌应用于葡萄种植提供理论依据。【方法】采用温室盆栽试验,在人工控制温度(25℃)和湿度(50%)的条件下,向红地球葡萄幼苗的根部分别接种摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)和地表球囊霉(Glomusversi forme)3种AM真菌,定期测定幼苗的株高、干质量、含磷量、叶绿素含量、根际侵染率以及土壤有效磷含量等指标,研究这3种AM真菌对葡萄幼苗生长的促进作用。【结果】接种丛枝菌根真菌的葡萄苗叶绿素含量和全磷含量较对照有所增加,生长明显加快。接种AM真菌的葡萄植株样品干质量较对照提高26%以上,而叶绿素含量在葡萄植株生长第28天和第56天时高于对照10%以上。接种AM真菌后,葡萄幼苗根部生长发育优于对照,根部干质量显著增加;接种处理的葡萄植株在不同生长周期的总含磷量均有所增加,其地上部分和地下部分的磷含量均高于对照。【结论】在葡萄定植及种植过程中,接种AM真菌是一种有效的促生方法。3种AM真菌中,在促进葡萄光合作用和磷素吸收方面的表现以地表球囊霉最优,摩西球囊霉次之,根内球囊霉较差。

[Objective] The study was done to understand promotion effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on grape growth and phosphorus uptaking capacity by comparing the advantages of selected strains to provide a theoretical basis for grape growing.[Method] Under a greenhouse pot,artificial control of temperature（25 ℃）and humidity conditions（50%）,through root inoculation of AM fungi：Glomus mosseae,Glomus intraradices,Glomus versiform,we determined the growth of grape seedling,including plant height,dry weight,content of phosphorus,total chlorophyll,colonization rate and soil available phosphorus,and studied the promotion effects of the three AM fungi.[Result] Grape seedling growth accelerated noticeably,mainly in the photosynthetic pigment content and plant biomass,increasing by 26% and 10% or more respectively.After inoculated with AM fungi,the seedling root grew and developed significantly;phosphorus content of grape plant increased at different growing periods,the phosphorus content of aboveground part and underground part were both higher than that of non-inoculated seedlings.[Conclusion] In grape planting and growing process,inoculating AM fungi is an effective way to promote the growth of grapes.In the promotion of grape photosynthesis and phosphorus absorption performance,G.versiform is the best,followed by G.mosseae,G.intraradices is relatively common.