建筑设计在建筑抗震设计中的重要作用

本文论述了建筑设计在建筑抗震设计中的重要作用,指出了建筑设计是结构抗震设计的基础。建筑设计的是否考虑好抗震要求,将直接影响建筑物的抗震能力。好的建筑抗震设计必须是建筑设计与结构设计的共同协作和良好配合才能实现。文中提出了建筑设计中的主要抗震设计问题,如:建筑体型,建筑平面和竖向布置要有利于建筑抗震。并结合震害,论述了建筑体型简单对称、平面和竖向布置中质量与刚度分布均匀协调对建筑抗震的重要性。文章强调了应重视建筑立面装饰构件、室内建筑构件(非承重内隔墙,内隔断等)以及各种建筑装饰制品与主体结构的抗震连接与锚拉,保障其不发生伤人的灾害;此外还提出了高层建筑中屋顶的某些抗震要求和多层砌体房屋应遵守的总高度、层数以及高宽比限值控制问题。

The important function of architectural design in seismic design of buildings is discussed by pointing out that the architectural design is the basis of structural seismic design.Whether the requirements of earthquake resistant is considered in architectural design will impair directly the ability of building to resist earthquake.A good seismic design can only be executed by a close cooperation between architectural and structural designer. In this paper,some main problems of building seismic design are presented, such as configuration of building, horizontal and vertical planing of building. The earthquake damage analysis show that the simple-symmetric configuration of building and the evenly distributed building mass and stiffness are good experiences for earthquake resistant building.This paper also emphasise the importance of connection and anchorage for interior and exterior architectural decorational elements with the main structure of building to prevent injuries of people.The earthquake resistant requirements of roof for highrise buildings and the control of total height and ratio of height to width for multistoried masonry buildings should also be observed.