基于信息共享的突发事件应急响应信息模型(Ⅰ):模型定义

Emergency Response Information Model Based on Information Sharing(Part Ⅰ):Model Definition

应急信息的保障必须以信息共享为基础,同时还应当构建可描述并实现应急信息流的信息模型。通过对应急信息流的产生与流动特征进行分析,提出使用应急响应任务、应急响应部门、数据集和应急辅助模型4类元素来描述信息流,并以大量应急预案和相关研究为基础,综合归纳出每类元素的完备列表。基于以上工作,研究构建了突发事件应急响应的信息模型。最后,针对城市危险化学品事故,使用模型对其应急中的信息流进行了描述。

Efficient information access during emergency response not only demands fundamentally the government departments to share their data resources,but also requires an information model that defines and implements the information flow between response agencies.This paper presents such an information model that takes information sharing as the premise.First,four modeling elements are proposed based on a detailed analysis on the generation and features of the information flow,which are response tasks,response departments,data collections,and emergency-aided models.Then a list containing almost complete options during response for each element is concluded by analyzing the collected response plans and published research results.On the foundation of the above works,an information model for emergency response is created.Lastly,dangerous chemical accidents occurring in cities are selected to demonstrate the application of the information model.By selecting needed options for each modeling element from the option lists and determining the relationships between the elements,the information flow between response agencies are defined.