水中爆炸表面空穴的理论研究

Study on the theory of bulk cavitation from underwater explosion

针对水中装药爆炸直达冲击波在自由面反射形成表面空穴的问题,应用水中爆炸冲击波声学近似理论,认为冲击波不能穿过空穴传播,得出一维水中爆炸表面空穴范围、水质点运动速度、水层抛射速度、空穴闭合时间以及空穴闭合产生的压力峰值与持续时间等,并将结论扩展到二维空间。通过具体算例,对比本方法与F.A.Costanzo等采用Arons方法确定的空穴范围,上边界两者一致,下边界在炸药上方空穴边界小于Arons方法的,远离装药处的下边界大于Arons方法的。可以应用冲击波声学近似理论计算水中爆炸空穴闭合载荷。

The present study is aimed at the problem of bulk cavitation from underwater explosion.Based on the theory of acoustic approximation and considered that the reflected rarefactive wave can not spread through bulk catvitation,the onset and termination depth of bulk cavitaion,the water particle velocity at various initial depth,the water spall velocity,the spall closure depth,the spall closure time,the peak pressure and the duration have been obtained in one-dimension and two-dimensions.The contrast between the author＇s method and the Arons method shows that the upper boudary of bulk cavitation from author＇s method is identical with the Arons method,and the lower boudery is less than Arons at the location close to charge and more than Arons at the location apart from charge.Acoustic approximation theory can calculate the load from closure of bulk cavitation.