湘西地区农村留守儿童体格发育状况调查分析

Investigation of Physical Development among Left-behind Children in Rural Areas in Western Hunan Province

目的了解湘西土家族、苗族、汉族3～6岁留守儿童体格发育状况,为促进留守儿童生长发育提供依据。方法 2009年7—8月对湘西地区土家族、苗族、汉族1 527名3～6岁留守儿童(留守组)及738名非留守儿童(非留守组)的体格发育水平及影响因素进行调查,并比较两组间有无差异。结果湘西土家族、苗族、汉族3～6岁留守儿童与非留守儿童的年龄别体质量(WAZ)、年龄别身高(HAZ)Z评分的分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。低体质量和生长迟缓总患病率:留守组为11.7%,非留守组为4.7%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组苗族儿童的低体质量、生长迟缓患病率明显高于汉族(P<0.01),而土家族儿童与汉族上述患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),土家族留守儿童的低体质量患病率低于苗族(P<0.05);不同民族儿童血红蛋白水平及贫血患病率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论目前湘西地区留守儿童的总体营养水平低于非留守儿童,应引起卫生保健部门高度关注,加强对其体格发育的检测和指导,需要社会各界的参与救助。

Objective To investigate the physical development among left-behind children（whose parents are working in other areas or provinces） in rural areas in western hunan province,China,with an attempt to provide evidence for policy-making. Methods The physical development and its influencing factors of 1 527 left-behind children and 738 non-left-behind children in western hunan province were investigated from July to Auguts,2009.These children,aged 3~6 years,belonged to Han Nationality and two minority ethnic groups（Tujia and Miao）. Results The Z scores of age-specific weight and age-specific height showed significantly difference between the left-behind children and non-left-behind children（both P0.01）.The incidence of low body weight and growth retardation was 11.7% among left-behind children and 4.7% among non-left-behind children（P0.01）.It was notable that the incidence of low body weight and growth retardation was significantly higher among Miao children than among Han children（P0.01）,while so such difference was found between Tujia children and Han children（P0.05）.The incidence of low body weight was significantly lower in Tujia children than in Miao children（P0.05）.The hemoglobin level and prevalence of anemia showed significant differences among children of different ethnic groups（P0.05）. Conclusion The left-behind children in western Hunan Province have poorer nutritional status than non-left-behind children.Local health authorities should pay more attention to this population and provide essential guidance and supports.