爆温控制合成γ型纳米氧化铝

Control Preparation of Nano γ Phase Aluminum Oxide by Explosive Temperature

本文旨在通过改变混合炸药的爆温来控制爆轰合成的纳米氧化铝的晶型.根据研究方案,采用600 g硝酸铝粉末和400 g炸药黑索金粉末为原材料,通过搅拌把两者均匀混合配制出混合炸药.经过计算该粉状混合炸药的理论爆温约为945℃,该温度接近于低温稳定的γ型氧化铝生成和存在的温度区间,所以该混合炸药发生爆轰反应时应该产生γ型纳米氧化铝.为了验证理论分析,将该混合炸药放在直径为3 m的专用爆炸罐里面进行了爆轰反应实验.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对收集到的爆轰产物进行了检测.检测结果表明爆轰产物确实是γ型纳米氧化铝,氧化铝颗粒为标准的球形,颗粒尺寸约为20 nm.因此,可以通过理论计算改变混合炸药的爆温来控制纳米氧化铝的晶型.

The phase of nano aluminum oxide prepared by detonation synthesis was controlled by changing the explosive temperature of the mixed explosion.According to the research scheme,the mixed explosion was made through uniformly mixing 600 g aluminum nitrate powder with 400 g explosive hexogen.The theoretical explosive temperature of the mixed explosion was 945 ℃ by theoretical calculation,which was close to the temperature interval of formation and existence of γ phase aluminum oxide.Therefore,nano γ phase aluminum oxide should be prepared through detonation of the mixed explosion.In order to prove the theoretical presumption,detonation experiment was conducted in a special spherical tank with 3 m diameter and the explosion product was characterized by transmission electron microscope（TEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）.The results indicate that the product is nano γ phase aluminum oxide actually and the granule of aluminum oxide is spherical,with the particle dimension of about 20 nm.It is thus verified that the phase of aluminum oxide can be controlled by changing the explosive temperature of the mixed explosion with theoretical calculation.