“应该”和规范的逻辑前提

"Ought" and Logic Preconditions for Norms

规范要得以存在,必须具备两个逻辑前提:存在各种选项可供人们选择和人们在选择的时候具有自由意志。在此逻辑前提下,人们在自己自由可控的范围内,确定可供选择的选项是什么,并通过对各种选项的比较,从中甄别出何者为能最大程度地满足人们要求的选项,从而通过指明应然性规范以引导人们必须选择某一特定的行为。因此,"应该"所体现出来的规范,是在人们面临的选项多样化、选择可自由化的逻辑前提下,引导人们选择所有选项中的最优者,并限制人们依凭自己的自由意志随意作出选择。

＂Norm exists on two necessary logic preconditions,i.e.,there are different options for a person who wants to choose one among them and the choice is of his or her own free will.Based on such logic preconditions,people can determine their options in a freely controllable scope via comparison so as to pick out the options to meet their requirements maximally,thus demonstrating that the norms ＂ought to do＂ can lead people to do their own specific behavior as they picked out.Therefore,what the norm ＂ought＂ represents is that people are guided to pick out the best one among all options and they are restricted to choose any options arbitrarily in accordance to their free will when they are facing diversified options and their choices are of their own free wills.