雷达遥测应用于台湾水利防灾可行性之探讨

Feasibility of Application of Radar Remote Sensing on Flood Disaster Provention in Taiwan

由于雷达遥测技术的突飞猛进 ,利用其不受天候及昼夜影响之特性 ,除了早期应用于军事探测之外 ,已逐渐广泛应用于地球资源之探测 ,其数值影像与地理资讯系统 (G IS)整合功能已日益增强 ,藉由 GIS整合遥测资料并将其应用于资源经营管理上 ,乃 GIS发展的趋势。有效的洪水管理及水利防灾系统为一套整合许多地理空间资讯的系统 ,此系统可用于更新防洪区之范围图、洪患区域评估与洪水消减之时间分析等的功能 ,可应用于水利防灾之工作上。本文旨在分析雷达遥测之原理、特性、种类、影像资料之获取分析及其应用范围 ,并探讨合成孔径雷达 (SA R)影像与相关遥测资料如何与 GIS结合应用于水利防灾上。合成孔径雷达为测绘洪水区域范围较为理想可行的遥测工具 ;而SPO T卫星影像资料则是应用于土地利用分类上 ,以 GIS整合两种资料并计算出洪泛区域之总面积及其土地利用形态 ,期能将人文、社会及经济等资料纳入洪水管理体系之发展 ,有助于水利防灾整套系统之运作。

Owing to the technology of radar remote sensing is not influenced by climate,either at daytime or nighttime,it possess characters those differ from general remote sensing.It' s ap- plied only on military probe early before,but it is extensively applied on probe global resource detection recently because the technique got great advance and the restrictions go broadening. The function to integrate digital images and the geographic information system got more pow- erful by time,Integrating the remote sensing information on water resource management is a lately trend of GIS development.To control flood and manage water resource effectively is a system which needs much more geographic spatial information.This system can update the flood zone map,evaluate the flood area,and ana1 yze the time of flood mitigation,it can be ap- plied on those works of water resource management and flood disaster prevention.The mainpoints of this article are to analyze the principles and characteristics,sorts of getting image data and the applying range of radar remote sensing.It also discussed the characters of synthetic aperture radar( SAR) images data as well as how GIScombines radar remote sensing with ap- plication of flood disaster prevention.Synthetic Aperture Radar is the more ideal remote sens- ing tool to survey the range of flood area;SPOT image data is applied to land use classification. It arranges two kinds data and computes the total area and the land use type of flood zone,and excepts to bring humanistic,social and economic data into the flood managementsystem.It can help the operation and development of flood disaster prevention system.