简论当代伊朗宗教管理的特点

Characteristics of Religious Management in Contemporary Iran

伊朗宗教领袖和由伊斯兰法学家组成的监护委员会是政府的领导核心和监护者,也是全国宗教的最高领导。伊斯兰教与政治高度融合。宗教在领导政府的同时其管理也制度化、官僚化,同时也存在伊斯兰教的相对独立的内部自我管理。伊朗对国内的少数宗教执行控制、容纳和保护政策。伊朗政府对异端宗教巴哈伊教坚决镇压,把宗教集团内部的反对派边缘化。总而言之,伊朗的宗教管理具有历史继承性和时代创新性,是政府管理和宗教自治相结合,集权化管理和多元化管理相结合,纵向管理和横向管理相结合。

The supreme leader and the Council of Guardians are leaders not only of the state but also of official religion in Iran.Shi'i jurists are key leaders of Islamism and guardians of government.Iranian domestic affairs and diplomacy have been Islamized.Islamism has integrated itself with politics.Religion leads government while its management has also been systemized and bureaucratized.There is also relatively independent self-management in Islamism.The Islamic Republic in Iran carries out a control towards being marginal religions and accepts and protects them.Iranian government has suppressed heresies such as Bahaism,controlled oppositionists who don't approve to theory of Islamic jurists' guardianship in the religious groups.To sum up,religious management in Iran has blended history with innovation,combined government management with religious autonomy,centralized management combined with diversified management,lengthways management combined with the horizontal management together.