民族地区义务教育财政制度变迁路径依赖与破解

On the Path Dependence of the Financial System Transformation for the Compulsory Education in Minority Concentrated Regions and its the best way out

我国民族地区义务教育财政制度变迁主要是一种强制性变迁方式。在变迁的过程中体现出一系列的路径依赖:经济发展的不平衡、对教育的重要性的认识局限、临时性教育财政政策、缺乏财政投入法律的保障、自然地理条件以及传统文化差异的制约。造成路径依赖有经济、政治、文化等多方面的原因。要实现民族地区义务教育跨越式发展,需要设立"教育特区"、教育财政投入立法、建立规范的财政转移支付与监督制度和贯彻教育优先发展战略等一系列制度保障从而打破以上的路径依赖,实现民族地区义务教育的跨越式发展。

The transformation of the financial system of compulsory education in the minority concentrated region of China is a kind of compulsive institutional variance.The process of institutional reflects a series of path dependence：the unbalanced economic development,the limited awareness of the importance of education,the education finance system＇s being temporary and the lack of legal protection,the restriction of the natural and geographical conditions and the traditional cultural differences.The path dependence are caused by economical,political and cultural factors.In order to achieve a leap-forward development of compulsory education in minority concentrated regions,such measures should be taken as to establish ＂education zone,＂ to enforce the education and financial investment legislation,to set up a regulation for the financial transfering payments and a monitoring system and to change old concepts to implement the strategy of giving priority to develop education.By this series of systems,it is hopeful for the minority＇s compulsory education to break away from the dependending path and to achieve leaping development.