古希腊“主体”范畴的意蕴与嬗变

The Idea and Differentiation of the Ancient Greek Subject

"主体"最初的意蕴就是"根据",这符合希腊人最初寻求自身存在根据的意向。希腊人最初诉诸自然,在本体论思维方式的指引下将自然实体看作主体。其后,希腊人诉诸认识自身,将目光转向自身,"关心自己"也就成为最重要的命题。它包含两个命题即"认识自己"和"照顾自己",此时主体被界定为自然神或城邦共同体。

＂Subject＂ means ＂root causes＂ at first of all,which coincides with the fact that person has to seek the root cause of their own.Greeks initially resort to the natural and took natural entities as the subject with the guidance of the ontological way of thinking.Aftall,people resort to self-awareness and concerned about their own.＂Concerned about their own＂ has become the most important proposition.It consists of two propositions： ＂Understand their own＂ and ＂Take care of themselves＂,which included ＂Dimension of understanding＂ and ＂Dimension of practice＂.In this situation,the subject is defined as natural God or Community.However,because of the Socrates,＂Understand their own＂ was concerned by people while ＂Take care of themselves＂ was replaced by ＂caring city＂ and neglected.Meanwhile,＂Dimension of practice＂ was neglected by them.