强制性体育仲裁协议的合法性论证——CAS仲裁条款的效力考察兼及对中国的启示

On the legitimacy of Mandatory Sports Arbitration Agreement——Observation of the Validity of CAS Arbitration Clause and its illumination for China

国际体育仲裁是消解体育争议的有效方式,其运行基础完全决定于仲裁协议的有效性。包括IOC、NOCs、各IF等在内的主要体育组织都习惯于在其章程规范中插入CAS仲裁条款,此种做法使体育仲裁协议表现出强制性,并因直接冲犯仲裁自治精神和仲裁协议自愿原则而产生了合法性危机。附意合同理论、正当性补充理论、预期利益赠与理论、"有效解释"规则和"严格解释排除"规则,以及"有利于有效"的原则为强制性体育仲裁协议的正当性提供了坚实辩护。中国各体育协会的内部强制性仲裁条款因缺失基本的正义观念,无法通过这些原则予以正当化。CAS仲裁条款的有效性对中国问题的解决提供了启示。

The International arbitration for sports is an effective way to resolve disputes of sports,whose operation is entirely based on the validity of arbitration agreements.The major sports organizations,such as IOC,NOCs,IFs,etc.,are accustomed to inserting the arbitration clauses of CAS in their articles of association,which make sports arbitration agreement mandatory and cause the legitimacy crisis because breaching directly the spirit of autonomy and the voluntary basis of arbitration agreements.Theory of adhesion contract,of additional legitimacy,and of expected benefits gift,rule of ＂effective interpretation＂,principle of ＂exclusion of strict interpretation＂,and principle of ＂favorem validitatis＂ concurrently defense solidly for the legitimacy of mandatory arbitration agreements of sports.The madatory arbitration clauses in Chinese sports organizations＇ charters cannot be justified through these theories,because they are lack of basic justice.The valid example of CAS mandatory arbitration clause is help to resolve the question in China.