端羟基聚丁二烯聚氨酯弹性体/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

Study on Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polubutadiene Based Polyurethane Elastomer /Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

以端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和有机蒙脱土为原料,在简单而温和的条件下制备出具有超拉伸性能的聚氨酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。利用XRD、TEM等表征手段研究端羟基聚丁二烯聚氨酯弹性体/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的微观结构,并通过万能拉伸机对此材料的力学性能进行测试。实验结果表明,含质量分数为2%的有机蒙脱土在聚氨酯体系中完全剥离,所得聚氨酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的断裂伸长率达到1159.4%(是纯聚氨酯的3.47倍),而且此材料的断裂强度也是纯聚氨酯的2.21倍。用质量分数为2%的有机蒙脱土就能使聚氨酯材料的断裂伸长率得到成倍增加是很少见的,而且有机蒙脱土的加入能同时达到增强增韧的效果。

Using hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene（HTPB）,toluene diisocyanate（TDI） and montmorillonite organci as raw materials,the polyurethane/montmorillonite nanocomposites had been synthesized by using simple process under mild condition which exhibited extraordinary tensile mechanical properties,especially the high elongation at break（extensibility）.The microstructure of hydrogen-terminated polybutadiene polyurethane elastomer/montmorillonite nanocomposites was studied by XRD and TEM,and the mechanical properties of samples were characterized by tensile mechanical test.Experimental results showed that exfoliated polyurethane/montmorillonite nanocomposites with 2 wt% organoclay exhibited ultrahigh elongation at break（1159.4%） which was 3.47 times as much as that of pristine polyurethane,meanwhile,stress at break of samples was 2.21 times as much as that of pure polyurethane.To the best of our knowledge,this was an extremely large elongation at break ever reported for polyurethane with 2 wt% organoclay.Filler addition was accompanied by increased strength and toughness without the expense of substantially reduced elongation at break.