珍稀油料植物琴叶风吹楠种子性状及含油率的变异分析

Variation Analysis on the Seed Traits and Seed Oil Content of Rare Oil Tree Horsfieldia pandurifolia in Yunnan

[目的]了解琴叶风吹楠种子性状及含油率。[方法]对采集于西双版纳且经过风干处理的琴叶风吹楠种子测量其纵径、横径、千粒重、出仁率等性状,并采用索氏提取法提取油脂,测定种仁含油率。[结果]各单株间的纵径、横径、千粒重、出仁率、含油率间存在很大的差异,34株琴叶风吹楠种子横径为1.33~2.35 cm,平均为1.69 cm;纵径为2.48~3.60 cm,平均为2.99 cm;纵横径比值在1.48~2.31,平均为1.78;千粒重为2 354.16~5 505.87 g,平均为3 329.59 g;种仁率为78.23%~86.75%,平均为84.36%;含油率为52.48%~71.09%,平均62.99%。[结论]琴叶风吹楠属于高含油量种子,各单株间的含油率达到极显著差异,有望从中选出种仁含油率高的单株,为该树种的保护与利用提供依据。

[Objective] The aim was to research seed traits and seed oil content of rare oil tree Horsfieldia pandurifolia.[Method] The indexes of Horsfieldia pandurifolia seeds collected from Xishuangbanna State,Yunnan Province were measured including the vertical diameter,horizontal diameter,thousand seed weight,kernel yield and kernel oil content,kernel oil content by Soxhlet extraction method [Result] The results indicated that the vertical diameter,horizontal diameter,thousand seed weight,kernel yield and kernel oil content were 1.33-2.35 cm、2.48-3.60 cm,1.48-2.31,2 354.16-5 505.87 g,78.23%-86.75% and 52.48%-71.09%,the average were 1.69 cm,2.99 cm,1.78,3 329.59 g,84.36%and 62.99% respectively.[Conclusion] Horsfieldia pandurifolia belonged to high oil content.There was significant differences among different plants＇ kernel oil content,it was accepted to select out the high oil content plant,which provided basis for the conservation and utilization of Horsfieldia pandurifolia.