以北京为例谈拆除旧料的“垃圾化”及其影响

The "Garbage Effects" of Demolition Materials:A Case Study of Beijing

通过以北京为例谈拆除旧料在中国的"垃圾化"及其影响。"拆除旧料"在此指的是拆除建筑物所产生的物质,例如砖、瓦、钢筋、泡沫板、水泥、塑料、木材、渣土等等。而"垃圾化"在此指的则是物品的使用价值被语言或文字否定的过程。在计划经济时期的中国,官员们往往称拆除旧料为"房屋旧料"或"拆除材料"。到了改革开放时期,他们则改用"建筑垃圾"一词。本文以北京的拆除旧料为例,说明1980年代末期城市土地租赁市场的成立是导致此话语权转变的重要原因。此外,本文认为拆除旧料的"垃圾化"导致了拆除工地领域性的帮派化,以及回收劳动力的污名化。

This research is a case study of Beijing and focuses on the ＂garbage effects＂ of demolition materials that include old bricks,tiles,steel,plastic and foam materials,wood,earth and so on.＂Garbage effects＂ here refers to the uselessness of such garbage embodied in language or writing.During the period of planned economy,demolition materials were considered as a resource named ＂old building materials＂ in the official discourse.However,in the contemporary period,the name has been changed to ＂building garbage.＂ This research has proved that the establishment of the urban land leasehold market in 1988 is the main cause for the transformation of this discourse right.The research concludes that such ＂garbage effects＂ has resulted in a rising territorial violence in demolition sites and the marginalization of the recycling labor.