北宋李昉“科场舞弊”案之深层文化意蕴

Interpretation of "Cheating in Examination" Case in Northern Song Dynasty

北宋开宝六年(973)的一宗"科场舞弊"案,直接催生了科举考试中"殿试"这一考试形式,为之后的科举制度带来深远的影响。案件的主要责任人李昉在事后受到朝廷的处分,这一案件本身也被固化成"历史常识",但是通过对此案的政治文化解读,我们发现事实可能并非如此,李昉与赵匡胤的矛盾由来已久,作为后周政权重要人物的李昉最初对北宋新政权持不合作态度;开宝六年的"科场舞弊"案更多出自史家们的话语构建,而并非历史上的一宗铁案。通过对这一个案的分析,也会给我们带来历史研究方法论上的启发。

Case of＂Cheating in Examination＂ directly caused the birth of＂Palace Examination＂ and also brought profound influence to imperial examination system in 973 A.D.（the 6th year of Kaibao in Northern Song Dynasty）.Li Fang,main criminal of the case,has been punished by imperial court.＂Cheating in Examination＂ was defined as ＂common sense of history＂.However,through historical interpretation,we found it might not be the fact.As a key figure of Later Zhou Dynasty,Li Fang initially held an uncooperative attitude towards the new regime.Later,this case was more from historians＇speech building than a historical fact.It also give us some enlightenment of methodology by means of analysis on this case.