黑河上游草地蝗虫群落特征及其与植被的关系

Community Characteristics of Grasshopper and Its Relationship with Plant Community in Upper Reaches of Heihe River

蝗虫与植被间存在复杂的耦合关系,蝗虫群落特征变化是蝗虫对植被群落重要的生态响应过程。2009年6—8月在黑河上游白大坂草原,通过野外实地调查研究了黑河上游天然草地蝗虫的种类组成、分布频度、群落多样性与植被的相关性。在海拔2 400～2 800m的7个植物群落采集到蝗虫13种,隶属于3科10属,亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus decoratus)、李氏大足蝗(Gomphocerus licenti)和白纹雏蝗(Chorthippus al-bonemus)是优势种,分别在驴驴蒿(Artemisia dalailamae)、狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)占优势的群落分布最多;不同植物群落中蝗虫组成、优势种差异明显,蝗虫群落多样性和优势度差异显著(p<0.05),均匀度差异不显著(p>0.05);蝗虫多样性与植被盖度、多样性呈正相关,与高度和优势度呈负相关,蝗虫群落均匀度与植物群落多样性呈负相关,蝗虫多度与植物多样性呈正相关。蝗虫分布和发生数量受蝗虫生物学特性和植物群落组成差异的影响,蝗虫对植物群落选择的多样性反映了蝗虫对生境具有较强的适应能力以及种群内部的协同作用。

A complex coupled relationship between grasshopper and vegetation is often recognized.The characteristic change of grasshopper community is an important ecological response to the plant community.In the Baidaban grassland of the upper reaches of Heihe River,sample investigation methods were used to study grasshopper community composition,diversity and its relationship with the plant community from June to August,2009.Thirteen species of grasshoppers were identified among seven plant communities.The grasshoppers was composed of ten genera of three families,within which Oedaleus decoratus,Gomphocerus licenti and Chorthippus albonemus were the dominant species in the research area.The highest populations were found in the plant communities dominated by Artemisia dalailamae or Stellera chamaejasme.The community composition and dominant species were significantly different in seven plant communities.However,no significant difference was found for evenness index（p0.05）.Grasshopper community diversity and species richness had positive correlation with vegetation coverage and diversity,but related negatively with plant height and plant dominance index.Meanwhile,grasshopper abundance was high in species-enriched plant communities.Negative relationships were identified between grasshopper Pielou evenness index and plant community diversity,and grasshopper dominance index had positive correlation with plant dominance index.Grasshopper distribution and population were affected by biology characteristics of grasshopper and plant community composition.Grasshopper choice diversity to plants reflected strong adaption and cooperation function of the grasshopper population.