黄土区露天矿排土场水分调控技术研究

Water Regulating Technologies for Dump Sites of Opencast Mine in Loess Area

干旱半干旱的黄土丘陵区,水分既是致灾因子,也是生存因子。为了确保人工堆积的排土场的安全稳定及复垦植被生长对水分的需求,以山西省平朔安太堡露天煤矿复垦地为例,采用实地调查、资料分析和室内实验相结合,初步总结出20a复垦过程中不同阶段的水分调控技术可分为地貌重塑、新造地、生态系统重建3个阶段。其水分调控技术主要为基底疏导,逐层压实,紧密接触;构建水系,化整为零,径流调控;以蓄为主,排蓄结合,资源利用。水分调控伴随着排土场复垦的整个过程,径流资源化利用是排土场复垦中后期水分调控的发展趋势。另外,还有许多具体的问题需要进一步的研究。

In the arid and semi-arid loess hilly region,water is not only a survival factor,but can also be a hazardous element sometimes.Aiming at ensuring the security and stability of artificial dumps and the water demand of vegetation growth,this study took the reclaimed lands of opencast mines in Pingshuo County of Shanxi Province as the study sites,conducting field survey and data analysis.The preliminarily water-control technologies of the last 20 years were divided into three reclamation stages,i.e.,landform reshaping,new land creation,and ecology system rehabilitation.The key technologies of water-controlling included conducting water in dump bases along with layer-by-layer compaction of the dumping materials,controlling runoff by water network construction and sub-basin fragmentation,and conserving water resources with considerations of both storage and drainage.Water regulating should be paid attention during the whole course of dump reclamation.Runoff utilization would be the major part of water conditioning in the middle or late stages of dump reclamation.Further studies are required for many other specific issues regarding water regulating in this area.