水电开发对云南省生态环境的影响及对策研究

Impacts of Hydropower Development and Ecological Environment Protection in Yun'nan Province

水电开发推动了云南省经济的快速发展,但因其多采用引水式的梯级开发,对河流的改造作用大,河流的自然生境和景观均受到了很大影响。在对云南省干旱发生情况及云南省水电开发的现状研究的基础上,分析了云南省水电开发对环境的影响。结果显示,水电开发带来了诸多的环境问题,如库区植被和景观遭到破坏,生物生境及种类改变,水环境系统失衡等。为降低水电开发对环境的负面影响,提出了水电开发对生态环境的保护对策。(1)合理制定流域总体规划;(2)规范建设程序,开展水电开发规划环境评价;(3)建立河流梯级调度中心;(4)加强环保宣传,提高科研水平。

Transformations of natural river systems following tremendous cascade development greatly influenced the natural habitats and landscapes in Yun＇nan province.Taking hydropower development of Yun＇nan Province as an example,this paper analyzed the impacts of the hydropower development by relating hydropower development status and drought frequencies in the province.The results show that the construction of hydropower has caused a variety of environmental problems such as vegetation destruction and natural landscape fragmentation,biological habitat deterioration and species reconstruction,unbalanced hydro-environmental system,and so on.In order to cut down negative impacts on the environment,following protection measures were proposed,i.e.,（1） rational planning for watershed development;（2） standardizing construction procedures and carrying out environmental impact assessment with hydropower development planning;（3） establishing dispatching centers for cascade exploitation of the rivers;（4） enhancing environmental propaganda and related scientific research.