傅斯年的大学理念及大学研究所构想

The university idea and the university institute scheme of Fu Ssu-nien

傅斯年高等教育思想中最有价值者,当数其对德国讲座制度的阐释及对大学设置研究所之构想。大学不仅仅是知识传授的中心,更是学术研究的中心,大学教育应当以学术教育为中心,其理想的大学应当是德国研究型的大学。故傅斯年反对在大学中实行年级制,主张实施选课制度。除了实行选课制度和讲座制度之外,傅斯年主张大学应该创办研究所。大学研究所与专业研究所有着明显的不同:前者为大学师生共同研究的性质,是大学教授指导学生共同研究的学术机构,包含着研学相长之意;后者则是专业研究员进行专门研究的机构,无需学生参与。傅斯年的大学研究院设想,基本上是接受和效仿德国讲座制度和研究所制度而来的,与当时教育部仿效美国大学体制而设立研究生院的规定,存在着明显的差异。傅斯年主张大学以讲座制度为基础自然形成专科研究所,进而建成研究型大学。这种认识,直到他主持台湾大学时仍然没有改变。

The most valuable parts of the higher education thoughts of Fu Ssu - nien were his interpretation on the lecture system in German and his scheme of setting up university institutes. University was not only the center of imparting knowledge, but also the center of academic research. Therefore, university education should focus on the academic education. In Fu Ssu - nien＇ s opinion, the ideal university was the research university in German, so Fu Ssu - nien opposed the implementation of the grade system, advocating the implementation of the course selection system. In addition, Fu Ssu - nien maintained that university should established institutes. The institute of university was significantly different from the professional institute. The former was the academic institution characteristic of joint research held by teachers and students, in which the professors guided the students to jointly study. And that meant ＂to teach is also to learn＂. While the later was the specialized institution for the professional researchers without students＇ participation. The scheme of the university institute of Fu Ssu - nien was based on the lecture system and the research system in German. That was obviously different from the regulations of the Ministry of Education at that time, establishing graduate school following the university system in America. Fu Ssu - nien advocated that university should form the specialized institute naturally on the basis of the lecture system, and then establish the research university. This idea had still remained unchanged when Fu Ssu - nien presided over Taiwan University.