道德标准自身的矛盾与缺陷——细论《焦仲卿妻》悲剧成因

The Contradictions and Defects of Moral Standards——A Detailed Discussion of the Tragic Causes of an Old Poem Composed for Jiao's Wife

在以往的研究中,古诗《焦仲卿妻》被视为具有反封建性质,女主人公刘兰芝也成了大胆反叛旧式礼教的代表。此诗感动了那个时代,也反映了那个时代价值观的一部分,甚至构建了时代文化本身。立足文本,其悲剧成因并非"反抗"所致,从深层次来说,这是"从一而终"与"三从四德"间发生了严重冲突,女主人公刘兰芝便是这种冲突的牺牲品。她自始至终坚守"从一而终"的信念,努力维护自己的爱情与婚姻。然而焦母、刘兄在遵循"三从四德"标准下,最终将主人公推向了死亡。古诗作者无名氏大胆揭示出道德准衡自身的缺陷与伪劣,对人类珍视生命与爱情的最高理想作出充分的肯定。

In the previous researches, ＂An old poem composed for Jiao＇wife＂ is regarded as criticism against feudalism. The heroine Liu Lanzhi is also viewed as a bold representative for antieudalism. However, this poem moved that era, reflected the values of that era, and even became a constructing factor of the culture itself. Based on the text, the tragic causes are not just ＂rebellion＂. Judged from a deeper level, it is a serious conflict between the moral standards called ＂be faithful to the husband unto death＂ and ＂three obediences and four virtues＂. This conflict finally makes the heroine a victim. Liu Lanzhi sticks to her belief and strives to safeguard her love and marriage. However, by following the ＂three obediences and four virtues＂, Liu＇s mother-in-law and her elder brother eventually causes her to die. The anonymous author of this old poem boldly reveals the defects of moral standards and makes full acknowledgment of humans highest ideal that values life and cherishes love.