心理健康专业服务人员对机构管理和建构的看法及实际情况

Psychological service professionals' perspectives on institutional composition and organizational management

目的:考察国内心理健康专业服务人员对专业机构建构的看法及其现实情况。方法:采用方便取样,选取全国不同省市心理健康服务从业者及管理者共1543人,使用心理咨询与心理治疗情况调查表调查其对专业机构的人员构成情况、管理方法和工作检查与评估的主观理想情况和现实情况,并对其做比较。结果:(1)心理健康工作者对机构人员构成上的主观理想情况和现实情况没有明显差异。在主观理想模式中,不同专业工作者对心理咨询师的理想人数的看法不同,心理咨询师认为的理想咨询师人数(3.6±2.4)多于通科医生(2.5±2.1)和心理辅导员(3.0±2.4)。不同专业工作者对理想治疗师人数的看法也不同,精神科医生理想看法的数量(3.0±2.4)高于通科医生(1.6±.9)和心理咨询师(1.9±1.3)。在现实模式中,不同专业机构的实际人员配置上,咨询师或治疗师比例和测量人员比例不尽相同,心理咨询专业工作者所在机构的咨询或治疗师人数(5.5±5.8)多于精神科医生所在机构(5.0±4.0),而精神科医生所在机构的测量人员多于咨询师所在机构的测量人员[(2.3±1.6)vs.(1.8±1.5)]。(2)心理健康专业工作人员对专业机构建构的管理方式和专业工作评估方面存在理想和现实层面上的明显差异,在督导、案例讨论、对疗效进行评估等方面现实状况均落后于被试的理想状态,如有87.3%的人希望有督导,而现实中只有28.0%的人有督导。结论:国内心理健康专业人员对专业机构管理和建构的人员构成、管理方法和工作评估等方面存在理想模式和现实模式的差异。

Objective：To investigate the psychological service professionals＇ perspectives on institutional composition and organizational management in China. Methods：Totally 1543 Chinese counselors and psychotherapists and organizational managers were asked to fill up a self-made questionnaire,which covered ideal and actual patterns of personnel combination,organizational management and professional evaluation. Results：（1）There was no significant difference between ideal and actual personnel combination. However,there were significant differences among different professional members on the ideal numbers of counselors,therapists,professionals working for psychological testing,and receptionists. The ideal number of counselors in a psychological service setting expected by the counselors（3.6±2.4）was significantly higher than that perceived by general physicians（2.5±2.1）and professionals working for psychological guidance（3.0±2.4）. The ideal number of therapists,psychological testing people and receptionists expected by the psychiatrists was significantly higher than that perceived by the other professional members. There was significant difference among different settings on the actual number of counselors,therapists and psychological testing people. Actually,there were more counselors and therapists than psychiatrists in the counseling services[（5.5±5.8）vs.（5.0±4.0）],and more psychological testing people in the psychiatric departments or hospitals[（2.3±1.6）vs.（1.8±1.5）].（2）There was obviously difference between ideal and actual organizational management and professional evaluation among various professionals. The actual situation was worse than the ideal perspective in the rate of supervision,case discussion,and outcome evaluation. Conclusion：There are obvious differences between ideal and actual patterns of personnel combination,organization management and professional evaluation in professional psychological service organization.