1999～2009年玉林市狂犬病流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Rabies in Yulin City,1999-2009

[目的]进一步探索影响玉林市狂犬病流行因素,为制订防制对策提供依据。[方法]对1999～2009年玉林市狂犬病相关防控资料进行分析。[结果]1999～2009年玉林市累计报告狂犬病533例,死亡533例,年均发病率为0.80/10万。年发病率（/10万）,1999～2009年分别为0.17、0.34、0.70、1.21、1.30、1.12、0.96、1.03、0.86、0.61、0.43;北流市、博白县、容县、玉州区、福绵区、兴业县、陆川县分别为1.08、0.60、1.16、0.35、1.02、0.62、0.77。533例病人中,男性占67.92%,女性占32.08%;农民占62.48%,学前儿童占14.26%,学生占20.08%,工人占1.31%,其他人员占1.88%;10岁以下占21.01%,10～19岁占17.26%,20～39岁占13.32%,40～59岁占24.58%,60岁以上占23.83%。7～9月发病数占全年总数的31.89%。533例患者中,致伤动物为犬只的占88.37%,猫等动物占11.63%。致伤后,64.35%未对伤口作任何处理,79.55%未接种狂犬病疫苗,95.12%未注射抗狂犬病血清或免疫球蛋白,及时接种狂犬病疫苗者占7.50%,全程接种狂犬病疫苗的占3.00%。[结论]玉林市狂犬病疫情尚未得到有效控制,大多数病人暴露后未及时处理伤口、未接受主动或被动免疫。

[Objective]To explore the affecting factors of rabies and to provide evidence to build strategy for rabies prevention and control in Yulin.[Methods]data on rabies prevention and control from 1999 to 2009 in Yulin region was analyzed.[Results]533 Cases of rabies were reported from 1999 to 2009 in Yulin region and all of cases died.Annual average incidence was 0.80/105.Annual incidence from 1999 to 2009 was 0.17/105,0.34/105,0.70/105,1.21/105,1.30/105,1.12/105,0.96/105,1.03/105,0.86/105,0.61/105,0.43/105,respectively.Annual average incidence was 1.08/105,0.60/105,1.16/105,0.35/105,1.02/105,0.62/105,0.77/105 in Beiliu,Bobai,Rongxian,Ruzhou Fumian,Xingye and Luchuan,respectively.Among 533 cases,male was 67.92%,farmers 62.48%,preschool child 14.26%,students 20.08%,workers 1.31% and others 1.88%.The age under 10 years was 21.01%,10 to 19 years 17.26%,20 to 39 years 13.32%,40 to 59 years 24.58%,and over 60 years 23.83%.Latent period of 31.89% of cases was 7 to 9 months.88.37% of cases were bitted by dogs and 11.63% by cat.There were 64.35% of cases without any treatment of the wound after being bitten,79.55% of cases with no active immune inoculation and 95.12% with no passive immune injection.Only 7.5% of cases received inoculation of rabies bacterin and 3.0% of cases got whole period of inoculation.[Conclusion]Rabies epidemic in Yulin is difficult to be controlled since most of cases failed to access to early wound treatment,active and passive immune inoculations.