列宁对党和国家监督机制的思考与设计

Lenin's Reflections on and Design of the Oversight Mechanism for the Party and the State

苏联实行一党制后,对党和政府的监督中,异党监督不复存在,社会监督基本消失,司法监督作用有限,苏维埃自身监督机制极为脆弱。列宁生命垂危之际考虑建立新的监督机制,主张改革党的最高机构,以党的监察为核心,统一对党、国家的监察,为党的最高领导机关及其负责人设置监察机关。但斯大林等进行了抵制,使得列宁的构想未予落实。列宁的建议虽然仍是一种自律和自体监督,但其要为俄共最高层设置一个平行的监督机构的设想具有积极意义。

After the Soviet Union implemented the single-party system,for the Party and the state,oversight by other parties no longer existed,social oversight essentially disappeared,judicial oversight had very limited effects,and the self-oversight mechanism for the soviets was extremely weak.Close to the very end of his life,Lenin considered to establish a new oversight mechanism.He proposed to reform the supreme organ of the Party,to unify the oversight for the Party and the state with a focus on the latter,and to setup an oversight agency for the Party＇s supreme leading body and its leaders.But Lenin＇s ideas failed to realize due to the withstanding by Stalin and others.Although Lenin＇s proposal is still of self discipline and self oversight,its conception of an oversight agency parallel to the supreme organ of the Russian Communist Party has positive significance.