油田开发过程中的沥青质沉积

ASPHALTENE PRECIPITATION IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTION

沥青质（固溶物） 在油田开发过程中的沉积以及由此导致的设备堵塞和地层伤害等严重问题，已受到油田工作者的广泛关注。概述了目前对沥青质沉积机理的认识、分析方法和实验技术；特别介绍了一种声共振技术，该技术可迅速并准确地测定轻质油和重质油中沥青质的析出点，这不仅简化了沥青质析出点的分析方法，而且提高了分析的可靠性，对认识注气提高采收率过程及其它油田开发过程中固溶物的沉积问题，具有重大的实际意义；同时还简要叙述了沥青质沉积的预防措施和处理方法，对避免沥青质的沉积及其清理具有参考价值。

It has been extensively concerned by petroleum workers that the precipitation of asphaltene (solids) and in turn the solids lead to the severe problems in petroleum production, such as equipment plugging and formation damage. This paper gives some views on the mechanism of aspholene precipitation, summaries the analytical methods and the experimental technology at present. What is specially presented in this paper is novel art-acoustic resonance technology, the art can measure quickly and precisely the onset of asphaltene in light or heavy oil by comparison, which not only simplifies the analysis' s processes, but also improves it's reliability, and has practical significance for understanding the asphaltene deposition problems during gas flooding and other petroleum production. This paper briefly recounts the prevention and removal approaches of asphaltene precipitin too; it has the reference value for averting asphaltene precipitation and remedial treatments of the deposits.