宁夏红枣昆虫多样性及优势种群发生动态研究

Dynamics of insect diversity and dominant population from fructus jujube in Ningxia

对宁夏红枣昆虫资源进行调查,并对昆虫多样性及优势种群发生动态进行了分析研究.野外调查共采集13 750个红枣昆虫,隶属于10目、59科、136种,其中鳞翅目、鞘翅目较多;多样性分析结果表明,8月15日灯诱昆虫的多样性指数最高(4.75),表明此时期枣树昆虫种类最为丰富,且在田间分布均匀,其次是9月份,多样性指数为3.66,7月18日灯诱昆虫的多样性指数最低,为0.51.各时期调查的红枣昆虫均匀度,8月份最高,为0.81,其次是9月份(0.78),7月份最低(0.08),与多样性指数曲线变化趋势相似.优势集中性8月份最低,为0.087 6,其次是9月份(0.14),7月份最高,为0.91,与均匀度变化趋势呈负相关.对宁夏红枣优势害虫桑褶翅尺蛾、桃小食心虫、枣瘿蚊的发生、危害进行了研究,明确了3种优势种的生活史、生活习性及田间消长规律,为制定红枣害虫综合防治技术体系奠定基础.

The insect resource from jujube in Ningxia was studied,and insect diversity and dominant population dynamic were analysed.The results showed that there were 10 ordo,59 familia,136 species.Mose of them belonged to Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.The diversity index on August 15 was maximum,which declared that the species of insects was plentiful in this period.The diversity index in September was 0.78,and that in July was the lowest.Evenness indexes in August,September and July wese 0.81,0.78 and 0.08,respectively.The change tendency of evenness index was similar to that of diversity index.The dominant centrality in August was the lowest,and after then in September.The dominant centrality in July was the highest.The tendency of dominant centrality was contrary to that of evenness index.Meantime the occurrence and damage of dominant pests,such as Zamacra excavate Dyar,Carposina niponensis Walsingham and Dasineura sp,were also researched.Based on the results,the life history,habits,growth and decline regulation of these dominant population were obtained.In conclusion,the research established the foundation for pest integrated control in jujube.