蜂蜡中掺杂物的测定

The Determination of the Adulterations in Beeswax

蜂蜡较贵，而市场上出售的蜂蜡又常被加入一些掺杂物，这些掺杂物会极大地影响蜂蜡用户的最终产品的质量。通过样品外观的观察初步定性是否掺有杂质；利用纯蜂蜡在苯中溶解，而掺入的石膏、面粉和淀粉等杂质在苯中不溶而定量鉴定这类杂质；由酸值变化和乙醇溶解物的量，测定掺入的硬脂酸等酸性物质或其它的非酸性物质；由皂化值变化，定量测定掺入的动物脂等酯类物质或其它的非酯类物质；根据蜂蜡中的烃类在浓硫酸中可被炭化，加入的石蜡等矿物蜡不被炭化来测定此类掺杂物。由此初步建立了一个蜂蜡中多种掺杂物同时存在时各掺杂物的种类和含量测定的分析体系。所用仪器简单。

The purity of the beeswax is very important for the qualities of the products in which the beeswax is used. But because the beeswax is very expensive, some kinds of impurities are often added, which will affect the properties of the products very much. With the observation of the outward appearances, it can be known roughly that if the sample was added with adulterations. Since the beeswax dissolves in the benzene but the adulterations, such as gypsum, starch and so on do not, these can be determined. By the verification of acid value and alcohol dissolve ability, the acid or non acid added can be determined. By the change of saponification value, the ester or non ester added can be determined. By the carbonification degree in the concentrated sulphuric acid, the mineral wax, such as paraffin wax added can be determined. With above methods an analysis system for the determination simultaneously of the kinds and contents of the adulterations added in the beeswax sample was established. The methods and the equipments used are simple.