何种理性:论对启蒙理性的两次定义

Which Reason:On the Two Definitions of Enlightenment Reason

文章从启蒙时期的主要思想家入手,阐释了启蒙初期以休谟、康德为代表的哲学家对于"理性"的相关理解,并通过分析后来的哲学家如伏尔秦、黑格尔等人对这一核心概念的接受与改造,试图以前后的对比,指出这段思想史内部所发生的概念的扭曲及其所造成的对于人类社会的实质性影响。文章的基本观点是,浪漫主义与法兰克福学派(初期)并未客观地接受启蒙初期以康德为代表的对于"启蒙"的内涵与目的的理解,而是以其各自的时代精神追求着被其"重构"了的"启蒙"的理想,同时,在二者之间,又有颇多的理论承继的关系。最终,"启蒙"成为一种表面性的"行动",而失去了其原有的意义。

As far as the＂Enlightenment reason＂is concerned,many famous philosophers have their own interpretations.After analyzing some representative views from Hume,Kant and Hegel etc., this paper argues that the different interpretations at different times have substantial impact on the real society.The study in this paper reveals that the Frankfurt school did not actually accept the interpretations of＂Enlightenment reason＂elaborated by Hume and Kant,but reconstructed and made it a kind of＂ideal＂.At the same time,there are intricate connections between the＂ideal＂and the interpretations of earlier times.In the end,the＂Enlightenment＂is considered as a kind of＂action＂in the sense of modern thoughts with its original meaning lost.